Not sure if it's just me... but i find the illustration of the problem hard to understanding. i.e.: ranking would use select_multple instead of select_one, etc...
It would more helpful if you share a draft of your xlsform for a better understanding of the questions layout, and only then one might be able to best guide how the filters can be established
That calculate field will contain a pipe-separated list of all applicable answers, for example it could be StatementA||||||StatementG|||StatementJ.
In your top 3 ranking question, use a choice_filter that says something like:
contains(${ApplicableAnswers}, name)
You could use three separate questions for the top 3 (first choice, second choice, third choice), and have a validation that checks whether they are different. And a relevant clause that hides a question if a user selected fewer than one/two/three values.
I haven't tested this answer, but I hope it will be enough to get you started.