Thanks. All those details help clarify your needs.
I'm not very familiar with the QR code specifications but that seems like a fair amount of information to encode (unless you incorporate some sort of compression of the data first; something like how ODK handles the bulk configuration QR codes as described here).
Have you considered just using a unique ID encoded in the QR code and then using that to link the sample to a row in your aggregate database? You could pre-print QR codes with the unique IDs (something like 0001,0002,...) and then as part of the survey form attach and scan one. You'll be able to then later check the ID code on the sample and match it to a row in your database.
Does a mobile device also need to be able to scan a code and pull up the sample information (without internet connectivity)? Your use case seems like a type of inventory management and could maybe be better addressed using the ODK2.0 set of tools.