{{Other uses|ODK (disambiguation)}} {{short description|Open source data collection software}} {{notability|Products|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox software | developer = Get ODK | genre = [[Data collection]], [[Mobile forms]] | license = [[Apache License#Version 2.0|Apache 2]] | name = ODK | operating system = [[Multi-platform]] | programming language = [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]] | repo = {{URL|https://github.com/getodk}} | website = {{URL|https://getodk.org}} | documentation = {{URL|https://docs.getodk.org/}} }} The "Open Data Kit" ('''ODK''') is a free and open-source set of software platforms that help organizations author, field, and manage mobile data collection solutions.. Primarily, it is used for the design and distribution of forms. Forms are designed using a web application, and distributed to mobile devices, which are used for the data collection. ODK aims to be particularly useful "in resource-constrained environments".https://getodk.org/ Benchmarking of Mobile Data Collection Solutions - What aspects to consider when choosing a tool/platform Terre des Hommes, CartONG, UNHCR, (2017) URL: http://blog.cartong.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Benchmarking_MDC_2017_CartONG_2.pdf - Accessed 2019/11/18. This refers to the collection tools' abilities to hold completed form data without an internet connection, reliably submitting the data when a network connection can be reestablished by the device. ODK is also notable for having an extremely wide variety of data collection formats, ranging from geographic data, image data, and audio clips. https://docs.getodk.org/form-question-types/ ==Notable Partnerships and Usage== The growth of ODK as a data gathering tool has been difficult to comprehensively monitor and report on. However, there are an increasing number of large organizations using, contributing feedback to, and endorsing the tools as useful for a wide variety of usages. ODK was recently recognized by John Hopkins University and the Gates Foundation as a leading tool for COVID-19 response in low and middle income countries https://www.jhsph.edu/departments/international-health/news/johns-hopkins-researchers-publish-assessment-of-digital-solutions-for-covid-19-response-in-low-and-middle-income-countries.html. Other notable organizations that use and support the tool include * The Red Cross https://americanredcross.github.io/2019/01/08/odk-collect-improvements/https://forum.getodk.org/t/american-red-cross-support-of-open-data-kit/22127 https://getodk-a3b1.kxcdn.com/uploads/default/original/2X/b/b6025bd4139f8d960effba2d631c57700574bb00.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXyuG8Aq2Cc&feature=youtu.behttps://forum.getodk.org/t/american-red-cross-response-to-typhoon-yutu-in-saipan/16837https://twitter.com/RaquibRony/status/1157680541157564417?s=20https://twitter.com/NamibiaRedCross/status/1151145061234688000?s=20 * The World Health Organization In Zimbabwe https://twitter.com/WHO_Zimbabwe/status/1264214019654778880?s=20, Sudan https://twitter.com/WHOSouthSudan/status/1259469876604940289?s=20, Somaliahttp://www.emro.who.int/somalia/news/cases-of-covid-19-surge-in-somalia-as-do-response-efforts-for-contact-tracing.html, Nigeria Tom-Aba, D., Olaleye, A., Olayinka, A. T., Nguku, P., Waziri, N., Adewuyi, P., ... & Shuaib, F. (2015). Innovative technological approach to Ebola virus disease outbreak response in Nigeria using the open data kit and form hub technology. PLOS One, 10(6), e0131000.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5786425/, Burundi https://twitter.com/WhoBurundi/status/1290001877204008960?s=20, Cong https://twitter.com/OMSRDCONGO/status/1208705114288078848?s=20, * The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine https://opendatakit.lshtm.ac.uk/ https://twitter.com/LSHTM_GHA/status/1232624790940372993?s=20https://open.lshtm.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=34 https://twitter.com/LSHTM_GHA/status/1235307011736293376?s=20 * USAID https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Gender_and_ICT_Toolkit.pdf * The Center For Disease Control https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/global-covid-19/compare-digital-tools.html * The Carter Center https://blog.cartercenter.org/2012/08/06/carter-center-on-leading-edge-of-technology-use-in-election-observation/Wireless sensor network system design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for environmental monitoring applications and political elections.Aranha, D. F., Ribeiro, H., & Paraense, A. L. O. (2016). Crowdsourced integrity verification of election results. Annals of Telecommunications, 71(7-8), 287-297. * The Jane Goodall Center https://www.janegoodall.org/uncategorized/monitoring-forests-2 * FINCA international https://finca.org/our-work/research/validata/ * The World Food Programme https://www.wfp.org/publications/timor-leste-price-monitoring-report-wk-30-31-2020 * The National Forest Authority of Uganda https://twitter.com/NFAUG/status/1198913142149074944?s=20 * The Government of Kerala (India) https://forum.getodk.org/t/open-data-kit-pilots-in-lsgd-kerala-india/11159 https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/news/478 * The Government of Honduras https://www.proceso.hn/nacionales/9-nacionales/imperdonable-invisibilizar-casi-2-millones-de-educandos-que-estan-recibiendo-clases-refuta-ministro-bueso.html * The University of British Colombia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417132/ * The University of North Carolina https://twitter.com/getodk/status/1167165061967859712?s=20 * New York University https://twitter.com/Nafundi/status/1151980250756087810?s=20 * Columbia University https://qsel.columbia.edu/assets/uploads/blog/2013/06/Open-Data-Kit-Review-Article.pdf * University of California Berkeley https://dil.berkeley.edu/data-analytics-toolkits/mezuri-platform/open-data-kit/ * University of Illinois https://www.jeffmichler.com/sites/jeffmichler.com/files/5A%20-%20Survey%20Design%20with%20ODK.pdf * University of Maryland https://glam.umd.edu/project/geographical-open-data-kit-geoodk * Arba Minch University https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7541292/ * Mohammed V University in Rabat https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-36778-7_60 * Zero Waste Tanzania https://twitter.com/NipeFagio/status/1148566121295032325?s=20 * The Digital Future Society https://twitter.com/DFS_MWC/status/1285632087622594560?s=20 * eHealth Africa https://twitter.com/eHealth_africa/status/1184861944689221632?s=20 * Amazon Conservation Team https://www.amazonteam.org/act-pilots-open-data-kit-odk-to-enable-indigenous-partners-to-seamlessly-collect-field-data-in-their-native-language/ * Amsterdam Institude for Global Health and Development https://www.aighd.org/project/evolve/?zoek=evolve&type[]=active * Mapbox https://blog.mapbox.com/taking-data-collection-offline-with-open-data-kit-and-mapbox-4228ad172e9f * Arqaam https://www.arqaam.org/resources/what-is-open-data-kit/ * DAI https://dai-global-digital.com/data-collection-with-opendatakit.html ==History== The software was first proposed in a 2010 paper by its original authors working with the University of Washington.Hartung et. al. (2010) Open Data Kit: Tools to Build Information Services for Developing Regions - URL: http://www.nixdell.com/classes/Tech-for-the-underserved/Hartung.pdf (accessed 2020/07/15)) ==Application== The ODK approach is relevant when privacy concerns of communities need to be respected e.g. for health related data,Tom-Aba, D., Olaleye, A., Olayinka, A. T., Nguku, P., Waziri, N., Adewuyi, P., ... & Shuaib, F. (2015). Innovative technological approach to Ebola virus disease outbreak response in Nigeria using the open data kit and form hub technology. PLOS One, 10(6), e0131000.Macharia, P., Muluve, E., Lizcano, J., Cleland, C., Cherutich, P., & Kurth, A. (2013, May). Open Data Kit, A solution implementing a mobile health information system to enhance data management in public health. In IST-Africa Conference and Exhibition (IST-Africa), 2013 (pp. 1-6). IEEE. environmental monitoring,Wireless sensor network system design using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for environmental monitoring applications and political elections.Aranha, D. F., Ribeiro, H., & Paraense, A. L. O. (2016). Crowdsourced integrity verification of election results. Annals of Telecommunications, 71(7-8), 287-297. In resource-constrained environments, SMS based methods for data collection have limitation e.g. in message length and submission of geolocation added to the collected record. Open Data Kit extends the data collection for these applications.Alam, I., Khusro, S., Rauf, A., & Zaman, Q. (2014). Conducting surveys and data collection: From traditional to mobile and SMS-based surveys. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 10(2), 169-187. Digital data collection with ODK has been supported by [[WHO]] in Nigeria,Maduka, O., Akpan, G., & Maleghemi, S. (2017). Using Android and Open Data Kit Technology in Data Management for Research in Resource-Limited Settings in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Cross-Sectional Household Survey. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(11). [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]],Nyaku, M., Wardle, M., Eng, J. V., Ametewee, L., Bonsu, G., Opare, J. K. L., & Conklin, L. (2017). Immunization delivery in the second year of life in Ghana: the need for a multi-faceted approach. The Pan African medical journal, 27(Suppl 3). [[USAID]],"Gender and Information and Communication Toolkit" of USAID - PDF-Document for Mobile Solutions and Technical Assistance (accessed 2018/09/13) - https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/15396/Gender_and_ICT_Toolkit.pdf the [[Red Cross]]Haskew, J., Kenyi, V., William, J., Alum, R., Puri, A., Mostafa, Y., & Davis, R. (2015). Use of mobile information technology during planning, implementation and evaluation of a polio campaign in South Sudan. PLOS One, 10(8), e0135362. and [[Red Crescent]].Wilbrink, J. G. (2017). Remoteness as a proxy for social vulnerability in Malawian Traditional Authorities An open data and open-source approach (MS thesis) see https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/355343 - accessed Feb. 3rd, 2019. Red Cross and Red Crescent are collaborating within [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRC) as the world's largest humanitarian network. The use of Open Data is driven by an information visibilityPrivett, N. (2016). Information visibility in humanitarian operations: Current state-of-the-art. In Advances in managing humanitarian operations (pp. 159-183). Springer, Cham. of humanitarian operations for all involved stakeholders. == Security, Integrity and Privacy == Computer security for data collection technologiesCobb, C., Sudar, S., Reiter, N., Anderson, R., Roesner, F., & Kohno, T. (2018). Computer security for data collection technologies. Development Engineering, 3, 1-11. is important for trust of users in the agency or organisation that performs the data collection. * Offline data collection on a mobile device that is aggregated later on with an ODK aggregator with physical connection to LAN that is disconnected from the internet, does not require the submission of data over an insecure network. * Encryption of data on a mobile device with a [[Public-key cryptography|public key]], that can be decrypted on a WAN disconnected ODK backend provides the security for the already collected data on the device. * Closed source application for data collection do not provide an option for independent code analysis for [[Backdoor (computing)|backdoors]]. Because it is harder to detect backdoors that are injected in object code in comparison to the source code, the own compilation of the source by organisation is possible for high requirements for privacy. Data collected can include information that may be considered sensitive or may have a negative impact on the citizen that provides the data. Such data may include medical or socioeconomic data or the data may derive conclusions about the political opinion. Unallowed alteration of collected data (see [[data integrity]]Boritz, J. "IS Practitioners' Views on Core Concepts of Information Integrity". International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.) on servers without control of the organisation collecting the data, might be unacceptable. Open Source application for data collection could avoid the computer security attacks on the operating system level or unintentional mishandling staff. The attitudes and practices of organizations collecting data have implications for confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data. == Workflow for data collection == * Download a questionnaire for data collection, which is available for offline use. * collect the data, even if device is offline, * submit collected data to ODK Aggregate, * (optional) access aggregated results for individual decision support. Offline data collection can be used to respect privacy of participants in a study. This is especially relevant when privacy concerns of the communities must be respected and they do not want to submit data with their own devices. == Product and Services == The Open Data Kit community consists of [https://github.com/orgs/getodk/people developers],Open Data Kit Developer Community - https://github.com/orgs/getodk/people (accessed 2019/05/12) staff members of institutions and organisations that use Open Data Kit for collecting, managing, and using data in resource-constrained environments. The application of ODK determines the further development in a collaborative way. Apart from the developer community and bug reports ''"feature requests"'' can be performed on GitHub for the different ODK packages. The product development is demand driven and collaboratively. ODK is deployed as collection of [[GitHub]] [https://github.com/getodk repositories for ODK], that everyone can use under the OpenSource License. New features and bug fixes for the product can be reported to the developer community by the standard interface of the [[GitHub]] repository "issues" or optimized versions by [https://github.com/getodk/collect/pulls GitHub-Pull Request e.g. for ODK-collect] for the optimized code. New versions or releases are provided via the [[GitHub]] portal. A transparent open management of issues are performed per Open Data Kit repository (e.g. for ODK collect in https://github.com/getodk/collect/issues ). ODK consists of 68 packages that cover different features of the total ODK. The tasks of ODK (like ODK collect) is also available as [[Docker (software)|Docker]] image (see [https://github.com/cuipengfei/odk-aggregate-docker ODK Aggregate]ODK Collect - Docker Image on GitHub https://github.com/cuipengfei/odk-aggregate-docker (accessed 2019/05/15)). == Governance == The Open Data Kit project is governed by the Project Management Committee (PMC) to define the roadmap for the development of ODK in the future. The definition of roadmap assigns major technical development steps to two Technical Steering Committees (TSCs) for the ODK and the extended ODK-X suite. Contributors and the contribution to the ODK source can be transparently monitored of the GitHub-repository ''"Who did when what?"''.ODK Contributors GitHub-Repositories - GitHub https://github.com/orgs/getodk/people (accessed 2020/04/15) == Components == * '''ODK Collect:''' Android Open Source App for Data Collection even for offline use in remote areas without internet connectivity. * '''ODK Build:''' Component is used for designing a questionnaire for ODK. It works as a drag-and-drop form designer for ODK XForms. It is used for data collection campaign e.g. for Health Sites * '''ODK Sensor:'''Chaudhri, R., Brunette, W., Goel, M., Sodt, R., VanOrden, J., Falcone, M., & Borriello, G. (2012, March). [https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~wrb/ODKSensorsMobiSys2012.pdf Open data kit sensors: mobile data collection with wired and wireless sensors.] (p. 9). ACM. using Open data kit sensors for mobile data collection with wired and wireless sensors, that submit the data to the mobile device and collect the data on the mobile device. * '''ODK Briefcase:''' ODK can collect the database records with GPS coordinates on a mobile device. ODK Briefcase is a Java application for fetching and pushing forms and their contents. With briefcase helps make billions of data points from ODK portable and use the data points e.g. for [[Decision Support System]]s. * '''ODK Aggregate:''' The ODK Aggregate is the backend of ODK infrastructure, receiving the data from the mobile devices. To be multiplatform it is designed as Open Source Java server, that stores, analyzes, and presents survey data. Decision support is build on the collected data. == See also == * [[Collaborative Mapping]] * [[Crowdsourcing#Mobile crowdsourcing|Crowdsourcing]] * [[OpenStreetMap#Humanitarian aid|Humanitarian Aid and OpenStreetMap]] * [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] * [[Docker (software)]] == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [https://getodk.org ODK website] * [https://odk-x.org/ ODK-X] (formerly ODK 2) * Saameli, R., Kalubi, D., Herringer, M., Sutton, T., & de Roodenbeke, E. (2016, May). [https://cooperation.epfl.ch/files/content/sites/cooperation/files/Tech4Dev%202016/1274-Saameli-SE09-DRR_Full%20Paper.pdf Healthsite.io, Healthsites.io: The Global Healthsites Mapping Project.]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (pp. 53-59). Springer, Cham. ::health care facilities collaborative mapping for emergency response or disaster management [[Category:GIS software]] [[Category:Free software]] [[Category:Open data]]