Great resources, thanks for posting these!
To get data directly from ODK Central into R, you can use the R package ruODK.
Installing R, RStudio (or any other IDE), ruODK and its dependencies can be a hassle on corpo-bricked Windows machines. urODK, the companion package to ruODK, provides a pre-built RStudio Server at 
.
ruODK provides a template RMarkdown workbook with the basic "download and parse my data" workflow:
rmarkdown::draft("my_example.Rmd", "odata", package="ruODK")
The workbook contains instructions to configure ODK Central credentials, to download and parse your own data, and some initial insight and visualisations as a starting point for your own analysis.
In addition to the resources posted by @chrissyhroberts, R for applied epidemiology and public health looks useful.
Spatial data needs some special (spatial?) steps to visualise. Follow the worked examples of the ruODK vignette "Spatial data" to go from the three ODK types (geopoint, geotrace, geoshape) to native spatial objects in R.
If you write a paper or publication using ruODK, you can find the citation for ruODK here and for ODK in this thread.